生态环境部发布全国10月及1-10月地表水环境空气质量报告探索低碳环保在自然景观中的实践
一、地表水
（一）总体情况
2020年10月，1940个国家地表水考核断面中，水质优良（Ⅰ-Ⅲ类）断面比例为83.3%，同比上升7.5个百分点；劣Ⅴ类断面比例为0.8%，同比下降2.1个百分点。主要污染指标为化学需氧量、总磷和高锰酸盐指数。
图1 2020年10月全国地表水水质类别比例
2020年1-10月，1940个国家地表水考核断面中，水质优良（Ⅰ-Ⅲ类）断面比例为81.8%，同比上升6.4个百分点；劣Ⅴ类断面比例为0.8%，同比下降2.4个百分点。主要污染指标为化学需氧量、总磷和高锰酸盐指数。
图2 2020年1-10月全国地表水水质类别比例
（二）主要江河水质状况
2020年10月，长江、黄河、珠江、松花江、淮河、海河、辽河等七大流域及西北诸河、西南诸河和浙闽片河流Ⅰ-Ⅲ类water quality proportion for the seven major river basins and the western and southern rivers of China, as well as the Zhejiang-Fujian River Basin, reached 86.7%, an increase of 6.4 percentage points over last year; water quality in class V was at a low level of 0.
4%, down by 1.
7 percentage points from last year.
The main pollutants were chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate index (COD Mn) and total phosphorus.
Chart 3: Water Quality Proportion for Seven Major River Basins and Western/Southern Rivers in October 2020
In the same period, water quality in class I to III accounted for about85.
6% of all monitored river segments, with a year-on-year increase of6.
2 percentage points; water quality in class V was at a low level of about80%.
9%, down by2.
5 percentage points from last year.
Chart 4: Water Quality Proportion for Seven Major River Basins and Western/Southern Rivers in January to October 2019/20
(Three) Important Lake/Water Body Water Quality Status and Nutrient Conditions
In October, out of111 key lakes/water bodies monitored,75.
7% had good water quality (class I to III), up by12.
7 percentage points over last year; while those with poor water quality (class V) accounted for5.
4%, down by2.
9 percentage points.
Chart A: Distribution Ratio of Key Lakes/Water Bodies' Class I to III Water Quality Statuses
Among these lakes/water bodies surveyed during this period:
The nutrient conditions were satisfactory in most cases;
Three lakes had mild pollution but light eutrophication;
The remaining lakes showed no signs of eutrophication;
Compared with the same period last year:
Scenic spots such as Lake Tai experienced improved conditions;
Patrolling areas like Poyang Lake saw little change or deterioration;
For example,
Lake Dianchi experienced both improvements in its overall condition and nutrient status;
Lakes such as Erhai and Baiyangdian remained stable but still needed improvement;
In contrast,
Poyang Lake's situation worsened slightly while that of Baiyangdian deteriorated somewhat.
(IV) Ranking Results for National Surface Waters Examined at City Level or Above Cities
Outcomes are presented below:
Table A: Rankings among Top & Bottom30 Cities Based on Their Performance on National Surface Waters Examined duringOctober & January–October Periods
Table B: Rankings among Top & Bottom30 Cities Based on Their Performance on National Surface Waters Examined duringJanuary–October Periods
II Environment Air
Air Pollution Control Measures
During this time frame,
China implemented various measures aimed at reducing air pollution levels across different regions including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ("Jing-Jin-Ji") area,
Beijing city,
and Yangtze Delta region ("YRD").
III Environmental Protection Efforts
Various efforts have been made to enhance environmental protection nationwide including enforcement actions against polluters,
increasing public awareness campaigns,
enhancing cooperation between government agencies,
and promoting eco-friendly transportation systems etc., which helped improve air quality standards significantly compared with previous years.
IV Conclusion
These data demonstrate significant progress made towards improving our environment through sustained efforts directed toward addressing pollution issues related not just to surface waters but also atmospheric emissions across diverse geographical locations within China throughout this ten-month span spanning from January through December [Year].